Polymers
Drinking Water
Coagulants
The application of polymers as primary coagulants in cleaning up low quality natural waters for drinking water production by direct filtration and weighted flocculation. Coagulants should provide a very high cationic charge to neutralize the negative charges of the colloid and therefore initiate the floc formation.
Their molecular weight should be very low to insure a good diffusion of the charges around the particles. Due to their low viscosity they can be readily mixed in the effluent.
Areas of application for organic coagulants include the following:
- Clarification by settling
- Flotation – Clarification
- Clarification by direct filtration
Advantages:
- Increase in the solid-liquid separation rate.
- Low consumption of reagent compared with inorganic salts.
- A smaller sludge volume is produced (No metal hydroxide precipitated is formed).
- Extended filter runs are obtained in direct filtration.
- The process is less pH dependent.
- Reduction in usage of the other treatment chemicals.
- Treated water has a lower dissolved salt level.
- Elimination of mono cellular algae.
Flocculants
Flocculants are used in conjunction with coagulants to increase the settling speed. After the destabilization of the colloidal suspension by coagulant, the flocculant with its high molecular weight encourages fast settlement, according with Strokes’ law.
For drinking water, anionic (0 to 50%) and low cationic (<15%) products with high molecular weight have been used with success.
- Anionic and Non-Ionic Polymers
- Non-ionic
- Anionic
- Cationic Polymers
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